Objects Representing Phases¶

Composite Phase Objects
Pure Fluid Phases
Representing Quantities of Phases
Representing Multiple States
Utility Functions

Composite Phase Objects ¶

These classes are composite representations of a substance which has thermodynamic, chemical kinetic, and (optionally) transport properties.

class cantera.Solution(infile='', phaseid='', source=None, thermo=None, species=(), kinetics=None, reactions=(), **kwargs)¶

Bases: cantera._cantera.ThermoPhase, cantera._cantera.Kinetics, cantera._cantera.Transport

A class for chemically-reacting solutions. Instances can be created to represent any type of solution – a mixture of gases, a liquid solution, or a solid solution, for example.

Class Solution derives from classes ThermoPhase, Kinetics, and Transport. It defines no methods of its own, and is provided so that a single object can be used to compute thermodynamic, kinetic, and transport properties of a solution.

To skip initialization of the Transport object, pass the keyword argument transport_model=None to the Solution constructor.

The most common way to instantiate Solution objects is by using a phase definition, species and reactions defined in an input file:

gas = ct.Solution('gri30.yaml')

If an input file defines multiple phases, the corresponding key in the phases map (in YAML), name (in CTI), or id (in XML) can be used to specify the desired phase via the name keyword argument of the constructor:

gas = ct.Solution('diamond.yaml', name='gas')
diamond = ct.Solution('diamond.yaml', name='diamond')

The name of the Solution object defaults to the phase identifier specified in the input file. Upon initialization of a ‘Solution’ object, a custom name can assigned via:

gas.name = 'my_custom_name'

Solution objects can also be constructed using Species and Reaction objects which can themselves either be imported from input files or defined directly in Python:

spec = ct.Species.listFromFile('gri30.yaml')
rxns = ct.Reaction.listFromFile('gri30.yaml')
gas = ct.Solution(thermo='IdealGas', kinetics='GasKinetics',
                  species=spec, reactions=rxns, name='my_custom_name')

where the thermo and kinetics keyword arguments are strings specifying the thermodynamic and kinetics model, respectively, and species and reactions keyword arguments are lists of Species and Reaction objects, respectively.

Types of underlying models that form the composite Solution object are queried using the thermo_model, kinetics_model and transport_model attributes; further, the composite attribute is a shorthand returning a tuple containing the types of the three constitutive models.

For non-trivial uses cases of this functionality, see the examples extract_submechanism.py and mechanism_reduction.py.

In addition, Solution objects can be constructed by passing the text of the CTI or XML phase definition in directly, using the source keyword argument:

cti_def = '''
    ideal_gas(name='gas', elements='O H Ar',
              species='gri30: all',
              reactions='gri30: all',
              options=['skip_undeclared_elements', 'skip_undeclared_species',
                       'skip_undeclared_third_bodies'],
              initial_state=state(temperature=300, pressure=101325))'''
gas = ct.Solution(source=cti_def)

class cantera.Interface(infile='', phaseid='', phases=(), thermo=None, species=(), kinetics=None, reactions=())¶

Bases: cantera._cantera.InterfacePhase, cantera._cantera.InterfaceKinetics

Two-dimensional interfaces.

Instances of class Interface represent reacting 2D interfaces between bulk 3D phases. Class Interface defines no methods of its own. All of its methods derive from either InterfacePhase or InterfaceKinetics.

To construct an Interface object, adjacent bulk phases which participate in reactions need to be created and then passed in as a list in the adjacent argument to the constructor:

gas = ct.Solution('diamond.yaml', name='gas')
diamond = ct.Solution('diamond.yaml', name='diamond')
diamond_surf = ct.Interface('diamond.yaml', name='diamond_100',
                            adjacent=[gas, diamond])

class cantera.DustyGas(infile, phaseid='')¶

Bases: cantera._cantera.ThermoPhase, cantera._cantera.Kinetics, cantera._cantera.DustyGasTransport

A composite class which models a gas in a stationary, solid, porous medium.

The only transport properties computed are the multicomponent diffusion coefficients. The model does not compute viscosity or thermal conductivity.

Pure Fluid Phases ¶

The following convenience functions can be used to create PureFluid objects with the indicated equation of state:

cantera.CarbonDioxide()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for carbon dioxide.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for carbon dioxide that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. The equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances. Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::CarbonDioxide in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Heptane()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for heptane.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for n-heptane that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. The equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances. Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::Heptane in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Hfc134a()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for HFC-134a.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for refrigerant HFC134a (R134a) that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. Implements the equation of state given in:

R. Tillner-Roth, H. D. Baehr. An International Standard Formulation for The Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures From 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. pp. 657–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.555958

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::HFC134a in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Hydrogen()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for hydrogen.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for hydrogen that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. The equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::hydrogen in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Methane()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for methane.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for methane that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. The equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::methane in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Nitrogen()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for nitrogen.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for nitrogen that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. The equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::nitrogen in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Oxygen()¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for oxygen.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for oxygen that can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram. The equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid and tpx::oxygen in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

cantera.Water(backend='Reynolds')¶

Create a PureFluid object using the equation of state for water and the WaterTransport class for viscosity and thermal conductivity.

The object returned by this method implements an accurate equation of state for water, where implementations are selected using the backend switch.

For the Reynolds backend, the equation of state is taken from

W. C. Reynolds, Thermodynamic Properties in SI: graphs, tables, and computational equations for forty substances. Stanford: Stanford University, 1979. Print.

which can be used in the liquid, vapor, saturated liquid/vapor, and supercritical regions of the phase diagram.

The IAPWS95 backend implements an IAPWS (International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam) formulation for thermodynamic properties taken from

W. Wagner, A. Pruss, The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Dat, 31, 387, 2002.

which currently only implements liquid and supercritical regions.

In both cases, formulas for transport are taken from

J. V. Sengers, J. T. R. Watson, Improved International Formulations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Water Substance, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 15, 1291, 1986.

For more details, see classes :ct:PureFluid, tpx::water, :ct:WaterSSTP and :ct:WaterTransport in the Cantera C++ source code documentation.

Representing Quantities of Phases ¶

class cantera.Quantity(phase, mass=None, moles=None, constant='UV')¶

Bases: object

A class representing a specific quantity of a Solution. In addition to the properties which can be computed for class Solution, class Quantity provides several additional capabilities. A Quantity object is created from a Solution with either the mass or number of moles specified:

>>> gas = ct.Solution('gri30.xml')
>>> gas.TPX = 300, 5e5, 'O2:1.0, N2:3.76'
>>> q1 = ct.Quantity(gas, mass=5) # 5 kg of air

The state of a Quantity can be changed in the same way as a Solution:

>>> q1.TP = 500, 101325

Quantities have properties which provide access to extensive properties:

>>> q1.volume
7.1105094
>>> q1.enthalpy
1032237.84

The size of a Quantity can be changed by setting the mass or number of moles:

>>> q1.moles = 3
>>> q1.mass
86.552196
>>> q1.volume
123.086

or by multiplication:

>>> q1 *= 2
>>> q1.moles
6.0

Finally, Quantities can be added, providing an easy way of calculating the state resulting from mixing two substances:

>>> q1.mass = 5
>>> q2 = ct.Quantity(gas)
>>> q2.TPX = 300, 101325, 'CH4:1.0'
>>> q2.mass = 1
>>> q3 = q1 + q2 # combine at constant UV
>>> q3.T
432.31234
>>> q3.P
97974.9871
>>> q3.mole_fraction_dict()
{'CH4': 0.26452900448117395,
 'N2': 0.5809602821745349,
 'O2': 0.1545107133442912}

If a different property pair should be held constant when combining, this can be specified as follows:

>>> q1.constant = q2.constant = 'HP'
>>> q3 = q1 + q2 # combine at constant HP
>>> q3.T
436.03320
>>> q3.P
101325.0

property DP¶: Get/Set density [kg/m^3] and pressure [Pa].

property DPX¶: Get/Set density [kg/m^3], pressure [Pa], and mole fractions.

property DPY¶: Get/Set density [kg/m^3], pressure [Pa], and mass fractions.

property G¶: Get the total Gibbs free energy [J] represented by the Quantity.

property H¶: Get the total enthalpy [J] represented by the Quantity.

property HP¶: Get/Set enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol] and pressure [Pa].

property HPX¶: Get/Set enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol], pressure [Pa] and mole fractions.

property HPY¶: Get/Set enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol], pressure [Pa] and mass fractions.

property ID¶: The identifier of the object. The default value corresponds to the CTI/XML/YAML input file phase entry.

Deprecated since version 2.5: To be deprecated with version 2.5, and removed thereafter. Usage merged with name.

property P¶: Pressure [Pa].

property P_sat¶: Saturation pressure [Pa] at the current temperature.

property S¶: Get the total entropy [J/K] represented by the Quantity.

property SP¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] and pressure [Pa].

property SPX¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], pressure [Pa], and mole fractions.

property SPY¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], pressure [Pa], and mass fractions.

property SV¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] and specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol].

property SVX¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mole fractions.

property SVY¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mass fractions.

property T¶: Temperature [K].

property TD¶: Get/Set temperature [K] and density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3].

property TDX¶: Get/Set temperature [K], density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3], and mole fractions.

property TDY¶: Get/Set temperature [K] and density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3], and mass fractions.

property TP¶: Get/Set temperature [K] and pressure [Pa].

property TPX¶: Get/Set temperature [K], pressure [Pa], and mole fractions.

property TPY¶: Get/Set temperature [K], pressure [Pa], and mass fractions.

property T_sat¶: Saturation temperature [K] at the current pressure.

property U¶: Get the total internal energy [J] represented by the Quantity.

property UV¶: Get/Set internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol] and specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol].

property UVX¶: Get/Set internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mole fractions.

property UVY¶: Get/Set internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mass fractions.

property V¶: Get the total volume [m^3] represented by the Quantity.

property X¶

Get/Set the species mole fractions. Can be set as an array, as a dictionary, or as a string. Always returns an array:

>>> phase.X = [0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5]
>>> phase.X = {'H2':0.1, 'O2':0.4, 'AR':0.5}
>>> phase.X = 'H2:0.1, O2:0.4, AR:0.5'
>>> phase.X
array([0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5])

property Y¶

Get/Set the species mass fractions. Can be set as an array, as a dictionary, or as a string. Always returns an array:

>>> phase.Y = [0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5]
>>> phase.Y = {'H2':0.1, 'O2':0.4, 'AR':0.5}
>>> phase.Y = 'H2:0.1, O2:0.4, AR:0.5'
>>> phase.Y
array([0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5])

property activities¶: Array of nondimensional activities. Returns either molar or molal activities depending on the convention of the thermodynamic model.

property activity_coefficients¶: Array of nondimensional, molar activity coefficients.

property add_reaction¶: Add a new reaction to this phase.

property add_species¶: Add a new species to this phase. Missing elements will be added automatically.

property add_species_alias¶: Add the alternate species name alias for an original species name.

property atomic_weight¶: Atomic weight [kg/kmol] of element m

property atomic_weights¶: Array of atomic weight [kg/kmol] for each element in the mixture.

property basis¶: Determines whether intensive thermodynamic properties are treated on a mass (per kg) or molar (per kmol) basis. This affects the values returned by the properties h, u, s, g, v, density, cv, and cp, as well as the values used with the state-setting properties such as HPX and UV.

property binary_diff_coeffs¶: Binary diffusion coefficients [m^2/s].

property case_sensitive_species_names¶: Enforce case-sensitivity for look up of species names

property charges¶: Array of species charges [elem. charge].

property chemical_potentials¶: Array of species chemical potentials [J/kmol].

property composite¶: Returns tuple of thermo/kinetics/transport models associated with this SolutionBase object.

property concentrations¶: Get/Set the species concentrations [kmol/m^3].

property cp¶: Heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] depending on basis.

property cp_mass¶: Specific heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K].

property cp_mole¶: Molar heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kmol/K].

property creation_rates¶: Creation rates for each species. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property critical_density¶: Critical density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3] depending on basis.

property critical_pressure¶: Critical pressure [Pa].

property critical_temperature¶: Critical temperature [K].

property cv¶: Heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] depending on basis.

property cv_mass¶: Specific heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K].

property cv_mole¶: Molar heat capacity at constant volume [J/kmol/K].

property delta_enthalpy¶: Change in enthalpy for each reaction [J/kmol].

property delta_entropy¶: Change in entropy for each reaction [J/kmol/K].

property delta_gibbs¶: Change in Gibbs free energy for each reaction [J/kmol].

property delta_standard_enthalpy¶: Change in standard-state enthalpy (independent of composition) for each reaction [J/kmol].

property delta_standard_entropy¶: Change in standard-state entropy (independent of composition) for each reaction [J/kmol/K].

property delta_standard_gibbs¶: Change in standard-state Gibbs free energy (independent of composition) for each reaction [J/kmol].

property density¶: Density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3] depending on basis.

property density_mass¶: (Mass) density [kg/m^3].

property density_mole¶: Molar density [kmol/m^3].

property destruction_rates¶: Destruction rates for each species. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property electric_potential¶: Get/Set the electric potential [V] for this phase.

property electrical_conductivity¶: Electrical conductivity. [S/m].

property electrochemical_potentials¶: Array of species electrochemical potentials [J/kmol].

property element_index¶: The index of element element, which may be specified as a string or an integer. In the latter case, the index is checked for validity and returned. If no such element is present, an exception is thrown.

property element_name¶: Name of the element with index m.

property element_names¶: A list of all the element names.

property elemental_mass_fraction¶

Get the elemental mass fraction \(Z_{\mathrm{mass},m}\) of element \(m\) as defined by:

\[Z_{\mathrm{mass},m} = \sum_k \frac{a_{m,k} M_m}{M_k} Y_k \]

with \(a_{m,k}\) being the number of atoms of element \(m\) in species \(k\), \(M_m\) the atomic weight of element \(m\), \(M_k\) the molecular weight of species \(k\), and \(Y_k\) the mass fraction of species \(k\):

>>> phase.elemental_mass_fraction('H')
1.0

Parameters: m – Base element, may be specified by name or by index.

property elemental_mole_fraction¶

Get the elemental mole fraction \(Z_{\mathrm{mole},m}\) of element \(m\) (the number of atoms of element m divided by the total number of atoms) as defined by:

\[Z_{\mathrm{mole},m} = \frac{\sum_k a_{m,k} X_k} {\sum_k \sum_j a_{j,k} X_k} \]

with \(a_{m,k}\) being the number of atoms of element \(m\) in species \(k\), \(\sum_j\) being a sum over all elements, and \(X_k\) being the mole fraction of species \(k\):

>>> phase.elemental_mole_fraction('H')
1.0

Parameters: m – Base element, may be specified by name or by index.

property enthalpy¶: Get the total enthalpy [J] represented by the Quantity.

property enthalpy_mass¶: Specific enthalpy [J/kg].

property enthalpy_mole¶: Molar enthalpy [J/kmol].

property entropy¶: Get the total entropy [J/K] represented by the Quantity.

property entropy_mass¶: Specific entropy [J/kg/K].

property entropy_mole¶: Molar entropy [J/kmol/K].

equilibrate(XY=None, *args, **kwargs)¶: Set the state to equilibrium. By default, the property pair self.constant is held constant. See ThermoPhase.equilibrate.

property equilibrium_constants¶: Equilibrium constants in concentration units for all reactions.

property equivalence_ratio¶

Get the equivalence ratio of the current mixture, which is a conserved quantity. Considers the oxidation of C to CO2, H to H2O and S to SO2. Other elements are assumed not to participate in oxidation (that is, N ends up as N2). If fuel and oxidizer are not specified, the equivalence ratio is computed from the available oxygen and the required oxygen for complete oxidation. The basis determines the composition of fuel and oxidizer: basis='mole' (default) means mole fractions, basis='mass' means mass fractions:

>>> gas.set_equivalence_ratio(0.5, 'CH3:0.5, CH3OH:.5, N2:0.125', 'O2:0.21, N2:0.79, NO:0.01')
>>> gas.equivalence_ratio('CH3:0.5, CH3OH:.5, N2:0.125', 'O2:0.21, N2:0.79, NO:0.01')
0.5

Parameters

fuel – Fuel species name or mole/mass fractions as string, array, or dict.
oxidizer – Oxidizer species name or mole/mass fractions as a string, array, or dict.
basis – Determines if fuel and oxidizer are given in mole fractions (basis='mole') or mass fractions (basis='mass')

property find_isomers¶: Find species/isomers matching a composition specified by comp.

property forward_rate_constants¶: Forward rate constants for all reactions. The computed values include all temperature-dependent, pressure-dependent, and third body contributions. Units are a combination of kmol, m^3 and s, that depend on the rate expression for the reaction.

property forward_rates_of_progress¶: Forward rates of progress for the reactions. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property g¶: Gibbs free energy [J/kg or J/kmol] depending on basis.

property get_equivalence_ratio¶

Get the composition of a fuel/oxidizer mixture. This gives the equivalence ratio of an unburned mixture. This is not a quantity that is conserved after oxidation. Considers the oxidation of C to CO2, H to H2O and S to SO2. Other elements are assumed not to participate in oxidation (that is, N ends up as N2).

Parameters

oxidizers – List of oxidizer species names as strings. Default: with oxidizers=[], every species that contains O but does not contain H, C, or S is considered to be an oxidizer.

ignore –

List of species names as strings to ignore.

>>> gas.set_equivalence_ratio(0.5, 'CH3:0.5, CH3OH:.5, N2:0.125', 'O2:0.21, N2:0.79, NO:0.01')
>>> gas.get_equivalence_ratio()
0.5
>>> gas.get_equivalence_ratio(['O2'])  # Only consider O2 as the oxidizer instead of O2 and NO
0.488095238095
>>> gas.X = 'CH4:1, O2:2, NO:0.1'
>>> gas.get_equivalence_ratio(ignore=['NO'])
1.0

Deprecated since version 2.5: To be deprecated with version 2.5, and removed thereafter. Replaced by function equivalence_ratio.

property gibbs¶: Get the total Gibbs free energy [J] represented by the Quantity.

property gibbs_mass¶: Specific Gibbs free energy [J/kg].

property gibbs_mole¶: Molar Gibbs free energy [J/kmol].

property h¶: Enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol] depending on basis.

property has_phase_transition¶: Returns true if the phase represents a substance with phase transitions

property heat_production_rates¶

Get the volumetric heat production rates [W/m^3] on a per-reaction basis. The sum over all reactions results in the total volumetric heat release rate. Example: C. K. Law: Combustion Physics (2006), Fig. 7.8.6

>>> gas.heat_production_rates[1]  # heat production rate of the 2nd reaction

property heat_release_rate¶: Get the total volumetric heat release rate [W/m^3].

property int_energy¶: Get the total internal energy [J] represented by the Quantity.

property int_energy_mass¶: Specific internal energy [J/kg].

property int_energy_mole¶: Molar internal energy [J/kmol].

property is_compressible¶: Returns true if the density of the phase is an independent variable defining the thermodynamic state of a substance

property is_pure¶: Returns true if the phase represents a pure (fixed composition) substance

property is_reversible¶: True if reaction i_reaction is reversible.

property isothermal_compressibility¶: Isothermal compressibility [1/Pa].

property kinetics_model¶: Return type of kinetics.

property kinetics_species_index¶: The index of species species of phase phase within arrays returned by methods of class Kinetics. If species is a string, the phase argument is unused.

property kinetics_species_name¶: Name of the species with index k in the arrays returned by methods of class Kinetics.

property kinetics_species_names¶: A list of all species names, corresponding to the arrays returned by methods of class Kinetics.

property mass_fraction_dict¶

property max_temp¶: Maximum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the phase are valid.

property mean_molecular_weight¶: The mean molecular weight (molar mass) [kg/kmol].

property min_temp¶: Minimum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the phase are valid.

property mix_diff_coeffs¶: Mixture-averaged diffusion coefficients [m^2/s] relating the mass-averaged diffusive fluxes (with respect to the mass averaged velocity) to gradients in the species mole fractions.

property mix_diff_coeffs_mass¶: Mixture-averaged diffusion coefficients [m^2/s] relating the diffusive mass fluxes to gradients in the species mass fractions.

property mix_diff_coeffs_mole¶: Mixture-averaged diffusion coefficients [m^2/s] relating the molar diffusive fluxes to gradients in the species mole fractions.

property mixture_fraction¶

Get the mixture fraction of the current mixture (kg fuel / (kg oxidizer + kg fuel)) This is a quantity that is conserved after oxidation. Considers the oxidation of C to CO2, H to H2O and S to SO2. Other elements are assumed not to participate in oxidation (that is, N ends up as N2). The basis determines the composition of fuel and oxidizer: basis="mole" (default) means mole fractions, basis="mass" means mass fractions. The mixture fraction can be computed from a single element (for example, carbon with element="C") or from all elements, which is the Bilger mixture fraction (element="Bilger"). The Bilger mixture fraction is computed by default:

>>> gas.set_mixture_fraction(0.5, 'CH3:0.5, CH3OH:.5, N2:0.125', 'O2:0.21, N2:0.79, NO:0.01')
>>> gas.mixture_fraction('CH3:0.5, CH3OH:.5, N2:0.125', 'O2:0.21, N2:0.79, NO:0.01')
0.5

Parameters

fuel – Fuel species name or mole/mass fractions as string, array, or dict.
oxidizer – Oxidizer species name or mole/mass fractions as a string, array, or dict.
basis – Determines if fuel and oxidizer are given in mole fractions (basis='mole') or mass fractions (basis='mass')
element – Computes the mixture fraction from the specified elemental mass fraction (given by element name or element index) or as the Bilger mixture fraction (default)

property mobilities¶: Electrical mobilities of charged species [m^2/s-V]

property modify_reaction¶: Modify the Reaction with index irxn to have the same rate parameters as rxn. rxn must have the same reactants and products and be of the same type (i.e. ElementaryReaction, FalloffReaction, PlogReaction, etc.) as the existing reaction. This method does not modify the third-body efficiencies, reaction orders, or reversibility of the reaction.

property modify_species¶

property mole_fraction_dict¶

property molecular_weights¶: Array of species molecular weights (molar masses) [kg/kmol].

property moles¶: Get/Set the number of moles [kmol] represented by the Quantity.

property multi_diff_coeffs¶: Multicomponent diffusion coefficients [m^2/s].

property multiplier¶: A scaling factor applied to the rate coefficient for reaction i_reaction. Can be used to carry out sensitivity analysis or to selectively disable a particular reaction. See set_multiplier.

property n_atoms¶

Number of atoms of element element in species species. The element and species may be specified by name or by index.

>>> phase.n_atoms('CH4','H')
4

property n_elements¶: Number of elements.

property n_phases¶: Number of phases in the reaction mechanism.

property n_reactions¶: Number of reactions in the reaction mechanism.

property n_selected_species¶: Number of species selected for output (by slicing of Solution object)

property n_species¶: Number of species.

property n_total_species¶: Total number of species in all phases participating in the kinetics mechanism.

property name¶: The name assigned to this object. The default value corresponds to the CTI/XML/YAML input file phase entry.

property net_production_rates¶: Net production rates for each species. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property net_rates_of_progress¶: Net rates of progress for the reactions. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property partial_molar_cp¶: Array of species partial molar specific heat capacities at constant pressure [J/kmol/K].

property partial_molar_enthalpies¶: Array of species partial molar enthalpies [J/kmol].

property partial_molar_entropies¶: Array of species partial molar entropies [J/kmol/K].

property partial_molar_int_energies¶: Array of species partial molar internal energies [J/kmol].

property partial_molar_volumes¶: Array of species partial molar volumes [m^3/kmol].

property phase¶: Get the underlying Solution object, with the state set to match the wrapping Quantity object.

property phase_of_matter¶: Get the thermodynamic phase (gas, liquid, etc.) at the current conditions.

property product_stoich_coeff¶: The stoichiometric coefficient of species k_spec as a product in reaction i_reaction.

property product_stoich_coeffs¶: The array of product stoichiometric coefficients. Element [k,i] of this array is the product stoichiometric coefficient of species k in reaction i.

property products¶: The products portion of the reaction equation

property reactant_stoich_coeff¶: The stoichiometric coefficient of species k_spec as a reactant in reaction i_reaction.

property reactant_stoich_coeffs¶: The array of reactant stoichiometric coefficients. Element [k,i] of this array is the reactant stoichiometric coefficient of species k in reaction i.

property reactants¶: The reactants portion of the reaction equation

property reaction¶: Return a Reaction object representing the reaction with index i_reaction. Changes to this object do not affect the Kinetics or Solution object until the modify_reaction function is called.

property reaction_equation¶: The equation for the specified reaction. See also reaction_equations.

property reaction_equations¶

Returns a list containing the reaction equation for all reactions in the mechanism (if indices is unspecified) or the equations for each reaction in the sequence indices. For example:

>>> gas.reaction_equations()
['2 O + M <=> O2 + M', 'O + H + M <=> OH + M', 'O + H2 <=> H + OH', ...]
>>> gas.reaction_equations([2,3])
['O + H + M <=> OH + M', 'O + H2 <=> H + OH']

Representing Multiple States ¶

class cantera.SolutionArray(phase, shape=(0), states=None, extra=None, meta=None)¶

Bases: object

A class providing a convenient interface for representing many thermodynamic states using the same Solution object and computing properties for that array of states.

SolutionArray can represent both 1D and multi-dimensional arrays of states, with shapes described in the same way as Numpy arrays. All of the states can be set in a single call:

>>> gas = ct.Solution('gri30.yaml')
>>> states = ct.SolutionArray(gas, (6, 10))
>>> T = np.linspace(300, 1000, 10) # row vector
>>> P = ct.one_atm * np.linspace(0.1, 5.0, 6)[:,np.newaxis] # column vector
>>> X = 'CH4:1.0, O2:1.0, N2:3.76'
>>> states.TPX = T, P, X

Similar to Numpy arrays, input with fewer non-singleton dimensions than the SolutionArray is ‘broadcast’ to generate input of the appropriate shape. In the above example, the single value for the mole fraction input is applied to each input, while each row has a constant temperature and each column has a constant pressure.

Computed properties are returned as Numpy arrays with the same shape as the array of states, with additional dimensions appended as necessary for non- scalar output (e.g. per-species or per-reaction properties):

>>> h = states.enthalpy_mass
>>> h[i,j] # -> enthalpy at P[i] and T[j]
>>> sk = states.partial_molar_entropies
>>> sk[i,:,k] # -> entropy of species k at P[i] and each temperature
>>> ropnet = states.net_rates_of_progress
>>> ropnet[i,j,n] # -> net reaction rate for reaction n at P[i] and T[j]

In the case of 1D arrays, additional states can be appended one at a time:

>>> states = ct.SolutionArray(gas) # creates an empty SolutionArray
>>> for phi in np.linspace(0.5, 2.0, 20):
...     states.append(T=300, P=ct.one_atm,
...                   X={'CH4': phi, 'O2': 2, 'N2': 2*3.76})
>>> # 'states' now contains 20 elements
>>> states.equilibrate('HP')
>>> states.T # -> adiabatic flame temperature at various equivalence ratios

SolutionArray objects can also be ‘sliced’ like Numpy arrays, which can be used both for accessing and setting properties:

>>> states = ct.SolutionArray(gas, (6, 10))
>>> states[0].TP = 400, None # set the temperature of the first row to 400 K
>>> cp = states[:,1].cp_mass # heat capacity of the second column

If many slices or elements of a property are going to be accessed (i.e. within a loop), it is generally more efficient to compute the property array once and access this directly, rather than repeatedly slicing the SolutionArray object, e.g.:

>>> mu = states.viscosity
>>> for i,j in np.ndindex(mu.shape):
...     # do something with mu[i,j]

Information about a subset of species may also be accessed, using parentheses to specify the species:

>>> states('CH4').Y # -> mass fraction of CH4 in each state
>>> states('H2','O2').partial_molar_cp # -> cp for H2 and O2

Properties and functions which are not dependent on the thermodynamic state act as pass-throughs to the underlying Solution object, and are not converted to arrays:

>>> states.element_names
['O', 'H', 'C', 'N', 'Ar']
>>> s.reaction_equation(10)
'CH4 + O <=> CH3 + OH'

Data represented by a SolutionArray can be extracted and saved to a CSV file using the write_csv method:

>>> states.write_csv('somefile.csv', cols=('T', 'P', 'X', 'net_rates_of_progress'))

As long as stored columns specify a valid thermodynamic state, the contents of a SolutionArray can be restored using the read_csv method:

>>> states = ct.SolutionArray(gas)
>>> states.read_csv('somefile.csv')

As an alternative to comma separated export and import, data extracted from SolutionArray objects can also be saved to and restored from a HDF container file using the write_hdf:

>>> states.write_hdf('somefile.h5', cols=('T', 'P', 'X'), group='some_key')

and read_hdf methods:

>>> states = ct.SolutionArray(gas)
>>> states.read_hdf('somefile.h5', key='some_key')

For HDF export and import, the (optional) keyword argument group allows for saving and accessing of multiple solutions in a single container file. Note that write_hdf and read_hdf require a working installation of h5py. The package h5py can be installed using pip or conda.

Parameters

phase – The Solution object used to compute the thermodynamic, kinetic, and transport properties
shape – A tuple or integer indicating the dimensions of the SolutionArray. If the shape is 1D, the array may be extended using the append method. Otherwise, the shape is fixed.
states – The initial array of states. Used internally to provide slicing support.

property DP¶: Get/Set density [kg/m^3] and pressure [Pa].

property DPQ¶: Get the density [kg/m^3], pressure [Pa], and vapor fraction.

property DPX¶: Get/Set density [kg/m^3], pressure [Pa], and mole fractions.

property DPY¶: Get/Set density [kg/m^3], pressure [Pa], and mass fractions.

property HP¶: Get/Set enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol] and pressure [Pa].

property HPQ¶: Get the enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol], pressure [Pa] and vapor fraction.

property HPX¶: Get/Set enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol], pressure [Pa] and mole fractions.

property HPY¶: Get/Set enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol], pressure [Pa] and mass fractions.

property ID¶: The identifier of the object. The default value corresponds to the CTI/XML/YAML input file phase entry.

Deprecated since version 2.5: To be deprecated with version 2.5, and removed thereafter. Usage merged with name.

property P¶: Pressure [Pa].

property PQ¶: Get/Set the pressure [Pa] and vapor fraction of a two-phase state.

property PV¶: Get/Set the pressure [Pa] and specific volume [m^3/kg] of a PureFluid.

property PX¶: Get/Set the pressure [Pa] and vapor fraction of a two-phase state.

Deprecated since version 2.5: To be deprecated with version 2.5, and removed thereafter. Renamed to PQ.

property P_sat¶: Saturation pressure [Pa] at the current temperature.

property Q¶: Get/Set vapor fraction (quality). Can be set only when in the two-phase region.

property SH¶: Get/Set the specific entropy [J/kg/K] and the specific enthalpy [J/kg] of a PureFluid.

property SP¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] and pressure [Pa].

property SPQ¶: Get the entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], pressure [Pa], and vapor fraction.

property SPX¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], pressure [Pa], and mole fractions.

property SPY¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], pressure [Pa], and mass fractions.

property ST¶: Get/Set the entropy [J/kg/K] and temperature [K] of a PureFluid.

property SV¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] and specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol].

property SVQ¶: Get the entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and vapor fraction.

property SVX¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mole fractions.

property SVY¶: Get/Set entropy [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mass fractions.

property T¶: Temperature [K].

property TD¶: Get/Set temperature [K] and density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3].

property TDQ¶: Get the temperature [K], density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3], and vapor fraction.

property TDX¶: Get/Set temperature [K], density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3], and mole fractions.

property TDY¶: Get/Set temperature [K] and density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3], and mass fractions.

property TH¶: Get/Set the temperature [K] and the specific enthalpy [J/kg] of a PureFluid.

property TP¶: Get/Set temperature [K] and pressure [Pa].

property TPQ¶

Get/Set the temperature [K], pressure [Pa], and vapor fraction of a PureFluid.

An Exception is raised if the thermodynamic state is not consistent.

property TPX¶: Get/Set temperature [K], pressure [Pa], and mole fractions.

property TPY¶: Get/Set temperature [K], pressure [Pa], and mass fractions.

property TQ¶: Get/Set the temperature [K] and vapor fraction of a two-phase state.

property TV¶: Get/Set the temperature [K] and specific volume [m^3/kg] of a PureFluid.

property TX¶: Get/Set the temperature [K] and vapor fraction of a two-phase state.

Deprecated since version 2.5: To be deprecated with version 2.5, and removed thereafter. Renamed to TQ.

property T_sat¶: Saturation temperature [K] at the current pressure.

property UP¶: Get/Set the specific internal energy [J/kg] and the pressure [Pa] of a PureFluid.

property UV¶: Get/Set internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol] and specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol].

property UVQ¶: Get the internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and vapor fraction.

property UVX¶: Get/Set internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mole fractions.

property UVY¶: Get/Set internal energy [J/kg or J/kmol], specific volume [m^3/kg or m^3/kmol], and mass fractions.

property VH¶: Get/Set the specific volume [m^3/kg] and the specific enthalpy [J/kg] of a PureFluid.

property X¶

Get/Set the species mole fractions. Can be set as an array, as a dictionary, or as a string. Always returns an array:

>>> phase.X = [0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5]
>>> phase.X = {'H2':0.1, 'O2':0.4, 'AR':0.5}
>>> phase.X = 'H2:0.1, O2:0.4, AR:0.5'
>>> phase.X
array([0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5])

property Y¶

Get/Set the species mass fractions. Can be set as an array, as a dictionary, or as a string. Always returns an array:

>>> phase.Y = [0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5]
>>> phase.Y = {'H2':0.1, 'O2':0.4, 'AR':0.5}
>>> phase.Y = 'H2:0.1, O2:0.4, AR:0.5'
>>> phase.Y
array([0.1, 0, 0, 0.4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.5])

append(state=None, **kwargs)¶

Append an element to the array with the specified state. Elements can only be appended in cases where the array of states is one-dimensional.

The state may be specified in one of three ways:

as the array of [temperature, density, mass fractions] which is returned by Solution.state:
```
mystates.append(gas.state)
```
as a tuple of three elements that corresponds to any of the full-state setters of Solution, e.g. TPY or HPX:
```
mystates.append(TPX=(300, 101325, 'O2:1.0, N2:3.76'))
```
as separate keywords for each of the elements corresponding to one of the full-state setters:
```
mystates.append(T=300, P=101325, X={'O2':1.0, 'N2':3.76})
```

property atomic_weight¶: Atomic weight [kg/kmol] of element m

property atomic_weights¶: Array of atomic weight [kg/kmol] for each element in the mixture.

property basis¶: Determines whether intensive thermodynamic properties are treated on a mass (per kg) or molar (per kmol) basis. This affects the values returned by the properties h, u, s, g, v, density, cv, and cp, as well as the values used with the state-setting properties such as HPX and UV.

property binary_diff_coeffs¶: Binary diffusion coefficients [m^2/s].

property charges¶: Array of species charges [elem. charge].

property chemical_potentials¶: Array of species chemical potentials [J/kmol].

collect_data(cols=None, tabular=False, threshold=0, species=None)¶

Returns the data specified by cols in an ordered dictionary, where keys correspond to SolutionArray attributes to be exported.

Parameters

cols – A list of any properties of the solution that are scalars or which have a value for each species or reaction. If species names are specified, then either the mass or mole fraction of that species will be taken, depending on the value of species. cols may also include any arrays which were specified as ‘extra’ variables when defining the SolutionArray object. The special value ‘extra’ can be used to include all ‘extra’ variables.
tabular – Split 2D data into separate 1D columns for each species / reaction
threshold – Relative tolerance for including a particular column if tabular output is enabled. The tolerance is applied by comparing the maximum absolute value for a particular column to the maximum absolute value in all columns for the same variable (e.g. mass fraction).
species – Specifies whether to use mass (‘Y’) or mole (‘X’) fractions for individual species specified in ‘cols’

property concentrations¶: Get/Set the species concentrations [kmol/m^3].

property coverages¶: Get/Set the fraction of sites covered by each species.

property cp¶: Heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] depending on basis.

property cp_mass¶: Specific heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K].

property cp_mole¶: Molar heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kmol/K].

property creation_rates¶: Creation rates for each species. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property critical_density¶: Critical density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3] depending on basis.

property critical_pressure¶: Critical pressure [Pa].

property critical_temperature¶: Critical temperature [K].

property cv¶: Heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K or J/kmol/K] depending on basis.

property cv_mass¶: Specific heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K].

property cv_mole¶: Molar heat capacity at constant volume [J/kmol/K].

property delta_enthalpy¶: Change in enthalpy for each reaction [J/kmol].

property delta_entropy¶: Change in entropy for each reaction [J/kmol/K].

property delta_gibbs¶: Change in Gibbs free energy for each reaction [J/kmol].

property delta_standard_enthalpy¶: Change in standard-state enthalpy (independent of composition) for each reaction [J/kmol].

property delta_standard_entropy¶: Change in standard-state entropy (independent of composition) for each reaction [J/kmol/K].

property delta_standard_gibbs¶: Change in standard-state Gibbs free energy (independent of composition) for each reaction [J/kmol].

property density¶: Density [kg/m^3 or kmol/m^3] depending on basis.

property density_mass¶: (Mass) density [kg/m^3].

property density_mole¶: Molar density [kmol/m^3].

property destruction_rates¶: Destruction rates for each species. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property electric_potential¶: Get/Set the electric potential [V] for this phase.

property electrical_conductivity¶: Electrical conductivity. [S/m].

property electrochemical_potentials¶: Array of species electrochemical potentials [J/kmol].

property element_index¶: The index of element element, which may be specified as a string or an integer. In the latter case, the index is checked for validity and returned. If no such element is present, an exception is thrown.

property element_name¶: Name of the element with index m.

property element_names¶: A list of all the element names.

elemental_mass_fraction(*args, **kwargs)¶

elemental_mole_fraction(*args, **kwargs)¶

property enthalpy_mass¶: Specific enthalpy [J/kg].

property enthalpy_mole¶: Molar enthalpy [J/kmol].

property entropy_mass¶: Specific entropy [J/kg/K].

property entropy_mole¶: Molar entropy [J/kmol/K].

equilibrate(*args, **kwargs)¶: See ThermoPhase.equilibrate

property equilibrium_constants¶: Equilibrium constants in concentration units for all reactions.

property forward_rate_constants¶: Forward rate constants for all reactions. The computed values include all temperature-dependent, pressure-dependent, and third body contributions. Units are a combination of kmol, m^3 and s, that depend on the rate expression for the reaction.

property forward_rates_of_progress¶: Forward rates of progress for the reactions. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

from_pandas(df)¶

Restores SolutionArray data from a pandas DataFrame df.

This method is intendend for loading of data that were previously exported by to_pandas. The method requires a working pandas installation. The package ‘pandas’ can be installed using pip or conda.

property g¶: Gibbs free energy [J/kg or J/kmol] depending on basis.

property gibbs_mass¶: Specific Gibbs free energy [J/kg].

property gibbs_mole¶: Molar Gibbs free energy [J/kmol].

property h¶: Enthalpy [J/kg or J/kmol] depending on basis.

property heat_production_rates¶

Get the volumetric heat production rates [W/m^3] on a per-reaction basis. The sum over all reactions results in the total volumetric heat release rate. Example: C. K. Law: Combustion Physics (2006), Fig. 7.8.6

>>> gas.heat_production_rates[1]  # heat production rate of the 2nd reaction

property heat_release_rate¶: Get the total volumetric heat release rate [W/m^3].

property int_energy_mass¶: Specific internal energy [J/kg].

property int_energy_mole¶: Molar internal energy [J/kmol].

property is_reversible¶: True if reaction i_reaction is reversible.

property isothermal_compressibility¶: Isothermal compressibility [1/Pa].

property kinetics_species_index¶: The index of species species of phase phase within arrays returned by methods of class Kinetics. If species is a string, the phase argument is unused.

property max_temp¶: Maximum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the phase are valid.

property mean_molecular_weight¶: The mean molecular weight (molar mass) [kg/kmol].

property meta¶: Dictionary holding information describing the SolutionArray. Metadata should be provided for the creation of SolutionArray objects.

property min_temp¶: Minimum temperature for which the thermodynamic data for the phase are valid.

property mix_diff_coeffs¶: Mixture-averaged diffusion coefficients [m^2/s] relating the mass-averaged diffusive fluxes (with respect to the mass averaged velocity) to gradients in the species mole fractions.

property mix_diff_coeffs_mass¶: Mixture-averaged diffusion coefficients [m^2/s] relating the diffusive mass fluxes to gradients in the species mass fractions.

property mix_diff_coeffs_mole¶: Mixture-averaged diffusion coefficients [m^2/s] relating the molar diffusive fluxes to gradients in the species mole fractions.

property modify_reaction¶: Modify the Reaction with index irxn to have the same rate parameters as rxn. rxn must have the same reactants and products and be of the same type (i.e. ElementaryReaction, FalloffReaction, PlogReaction, etc.) as the existing reaction. This method does not modify the third-body efficiencies, reaction orders, or reversibility of the reaction.

property molecular_weights¶: Array of species molecular weights (molar masses) [kg/kmol].

property multi_diff_coeffs¶: Multicomponent diffusion coefficients [m^2/s].

property multiplier¶: A scaling factor applied to the rate coefficient for reaction i_reaction. Can be used to carry out sensitivity analysis or to selectively disable a particular reaction. See set_multiplier.

property n_atoms¶

Number of atoms of element element in species species. The element and species may be specified by name or by index.

>>> phase.n_atoms('CH4','H')
4

property n_elements¶: Number of elements.

property n_phases¶: Number of phases in the reaction mechanism.

property n_reactions¶: Number of reactions in the reaction mechanism.

property n_species¶: Number of species.

property n_total_species¶: Total number of species in all phases participating in the kinetics mechanism.

property name¶: The name assigned to this object. The default value corresponds to the CTI/XML/YAML input file phase entry.

property net_production_rates¶: Net production rates for each species. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property net_rates_of_progress¶: Net rates of progress for the reactions. [kmol/m^3/s] for bulk phases or [kmol/m^2/s] for surface phases.

property partial_molar_cp¶: Array of species partial molar specific heat capacities at constant pressure [J/kmol/K].

property partial_molar_enthalpies¶: Array of species partial molar enthalpies [J/kmol].

property partial_molar_entropies¶: Array of species partial molar entropies [J/kmol/K].

property partial_molar_int_energies¶: Array of species partial molar internal energies [J/kmol].

property partial_molar_volumes¶: Array of species partial molar volumes [m^3/kmol].

property phase_of_matter¶: Get the thermodynamic phase (gas, liquid, etc.) at the current conditions.

property product_stoich_coeff¶: The stoichiometric coefficient of species k_spec as a product in reaction i_reaction.

property product_stoich_coeffs¶: The array of product stoichiometric coefficients. Element [k,i] of this array is the product stoichiometric coefficient of species k in reaction i.

property products¶: The products portion of the reaction equation

property reactant_stoich_coeff¶: The stoichiometric coefficient of species k_spec as a reactant in reaction i_reaction.

property reactant_stoich_coeffs¶: The array of reactant stoichiometric coefficients. Element [k,i] of this array is the reactant stoichiometric coefficient of species k in reaction i.

property reactants¶: The reactants portion of the reaction equation

property reaction¶: Return a Reaction object representing the reaction with index i_reaction. Changes to this object do not affect the Kinetics or Solution object until the modify_reaction function is called.

property reaction_equation¶: The equation for the specified reaction. See also reaction_equations.

property reaction_equations¶

Returns a list containing the reaction equation for all reactions in the mechanism (if indices is unspecified) or the equations for each reaction in the sequence indices. For example:

>>> gas.reaction_equations()
['2 O + M <=> O2 + M', 'O + H + M <=> OH + M', 'O + H2 <=> H + OH', ...]
>>> gas.reaction_equations([2,3])
['O + H + M <=> OH + M', 'O + H2 <=> H + OH']

Utility Functions ¶

cantera.add_directory(directory)¶: Add a directory to search for Cantera data files.

cantera.get_data_directories()¶: Get a list of the directories Cantera searches for data files.

Objects Representing Phases¶

Composite Phase Objects ¶

Pure Fluid Phases ¶

Representing Quantities of Phases ¶

Representing Multiple States ¶

Utility Functions ¶

Table of Contents

Related Topics

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Donate to Cantera

Objects Representing Phases¶

Composite Phase Objects¶

Pure Fluid Phases¶

Representing Quantities of Phases¶

Representing Multiple States¶

Utility Functions¶

Composite Phase Objects ¶

Pure Fluid Phases ¶

Representing Quantities of Phases ¶

Representing Multiple States ¶

Utility Functions ¶